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Time is Money: The Cost of Delaying the Ratification of the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement
Between 2021 and 2025, the EU sacrificed €183bn in exports and €291bn in gross domestic product due to its failure to ratify the EU-Mercosur...
Openness and Fragmentation in EU Defence Procurement
Europe’s fragmented defence procurement markets undermine Europe’s security efforts. Larger procurement markets, by contrast, deliver sharper...
Quantum Clusters: Ranking the World’s Deep-Tech Epicentres
The ECIPE Quantum Project has so far laid the groundwork for understanding the global quantum landscape. It introduced the fundamentals of quantum...
The Services Revolution: Industrial Policy for a Modern Economy
A ”manufacturing-first” attitude has taken hold in the European economic policy discussion. New strategies and industrial policies are designed...
Trade Policy 3.0: Three Scenarios for Tomorrowland
Global trade policy is at a crossroads. For decades, trade liberalisation was guided first by macroeconomic principles – Trade Policy 1.0 – and...
Privacy at a Price? An Empirical Analysis of GDPR’s Impact on EU Trade Flows
The introduction of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018 created conditions that could raise the cost of trading services...
The Trade Effects of AI Provisions in PTAs: Does Non-Binding Matter?
This paper examines whether non-binding (“soft”) AI-related provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) move trade and how their effects...
Memo to Ursula von der Leyen and António Costa: Make the Right Priorities for the EU-CELAC Summit 2025
The EU–CELAC Summit in Santa Marta, Colombia, in November comes at a time when both regions need to get down to business. The EU-CELAC cooperation...
Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Recent Developments in the US Tariff Landscape
This short factual overview paper describes the complexity created by the tariffs imposed by the US, especially for small and medium enterprises...
NATO After the 2025 Summit: Strength, Doubt, and the Burden of Leadership
The NATO Hague Summit signalled renewed commitment to transatlantic security, with member states pledging historic increases in defence spending and...