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Time is Money: The Cost of Delaying the Ratification of the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement
Between 2021 and 2025, the EU sacrificed €183bn in exports and €291bn in gross domestic product due to its failure to ratify the EU-Mercosur...
Memo to Ursula von der Leyen and António Costa: Make the Right Priorities for the EU-CELAC Summit 2025
The EU–CELAC Summit in Santa Marta, Colombia, in November comes at a time when both regions need to get down to business. The EU-CELAC cooperation...
Is the European Union Deforestation Regulation WTO-Proof?
The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) is set to take effect on 30th December 2024. While it aligns with EU’s climate goals under the...
European Economic Security and Access to Critical Raw Materials: Trade, Diversification, and the Role of Mercosur
Access to secure and stable supply of critical raw materials (CRMs) is vital for Europe’s economic security. These raw materials, which are...
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Has the Fairest Clauses of Us All? Stress-testing the Application of Mirror Clauses to Pesticides
In less than six months, ‘mirror clauses’ have taken EU trade policy by storm. To inject ‘reciprocity’ in trading terms, the French...
EU and Mercosur in the Twenty-First Century: Taking Stock of the Economic and Cultural Ties
This policy brief examines the latest developments in the EU-Mercosur economic relationship and outlines the existing non-economic relationship in...
Free Trade Agreements Have Limited Impact (Because Manufactured Goods are a Perfect Market)
Free Trade Agreements between two or more countries or parties have been the centrepiece of international trade policy since the formation of the...
The Economic Impact of Marco Civil da Internet in Brazil
As the global economy grows increasingly digital, businesses rely on the free flow of data across borders to efficiently sell, produce and deliver...
The “Repsol Case” Against Argentina: Lessons for Investment Protection Policy
Are Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) fit for purpose – to help resolving disputes between investors and states in an efficient, fair and...
Argentina, the Expropriation of Repsol YPF, and the Case for Improved Investment Protection Accords
Argentina’s expropriation of Repsol’s shares in the Argentinean energy company YPF sent chock waves through the international investment...