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NATO After the 2025 Summit: Strength, Doubt, and the Burden of Leadership
The NATO Hague Summit signalled renewed commitment to transatlantic security, with member states pledging historic increases in defence spending and...
Navigating Geopolitical Realities: The EU’s Strategic Positioning in the South Caucasus and Central Asia
This policy brief examines the strategic importance of the South Caucasus and its pivotal role in the European Union’s evolving engagement with...
The 8 Percent Approach: A Big Bang in Resources and Capacity for Europe’s Economy and Defence
Author presentation: Ismail Abdi is a Research Assistant at ECIPE. Andrea Dugo is an Economist at ECIPE. Fredrik Erixon is the Director of ECIPE....
Russia’s Influence and Disinformation Campaign in Armenia
Often-overlooked developments in Armenia show how Western policy makers are failing to recognize and counteract the growing sophistication of...
Subsidising Balkanisation: What China’s 3G Subsidies Teach us about 5G Open RAN
Open RAN is increasingly becoming the answer to how to diversify 5G networks and beyond, especially in the light of a potential exclusion of...
Free Trade Agreements Have Limited Impact (Because Manufactured Goods are a Perfect Market)
Free Trade Agreements between two or more countries or parties have been the centrepiece of international trade policy since the formation of the...
Data Localisation in Russia: A Self-imposed Sanction
Cross-border data flows are an integral mechanism of today’s economy, impacting a country’s competitiveness and growth. All economic sectors...
Russia, Crimea – and Europe’s Foreign Economic Policy
The European Union is the largest economy in the world. But it is not the most powerful. It has shown its capacity for economic statecraft by...
What Now for EU-Ukraine Relations?
Ukraine’s decision not to sign the Association Agreement (AA) with the European Union should not have come as a surprise. Despite years of...
One Year after Russia’s WTO Accession: Time for Reform
Russia entered the World Trade Organisation (WTO) about a year ago. In September this year Russia also joined the WTO Information Technology...